FCRR
Publication
Fisheries Centre Research Reports, Vol. 5 No. 1 Pages: 47pp
1997 | PDF
1997 | PDF
Edited by Tony J. Pitcher.
ABSTRACT
From 18-20 February 1997, the Fisheries Centre at UBC hosted a meeting of over 60 researchers from around the world who share an interest in marine reserves. Many of the most internationally-acclaimed authorities on marine reserves were present, and groups represented included: Atlantic and Pacific coast universities of both Canada and the USA; scholars from Central America, Europe and Oceania; First Nations groups; commercial fishers; conservation groups; and graduate students of fisheries, ecology and conservation.
Marine reserves, areas protected from fishing, seem to offer the only buffer that can hedge against uncertain stock assessments, a changing environment and heavy fishing pressure. Their key selling point is that such refugia may represent the only credible way of sustaining and increasing fisheries catches in the long term.
Accordingly, this workshop aimed to describe the science of design and monitoring that must be created if we are to underpin the policy of establishing Marine Reserves. Areas protected from fishing (= 'no-take marine reserves') provide a long list of benefits. Marine Reserves may:
- restrict fishing mortality
- protect against stock collapse
- insure against overfishing
- buffer ineffective control over fisheries effort
- provide a buffer against our ignorance of stock biomass
- enhance spawning biomass, recruitment, survival of older fish
- allow habitat to recover in the absence of perturbations like bottom trawling or dragging
- hedge against irreducible and intrinsic uncertainty
- insure against unforeseen management mistakes
- increase fisheries catches in contiguous areas
- allow natural unharvested ecosystems to survive
Although most of these benefits have been modeled rather than directly demonstrated in the wild, most agree that in the long term such refugia will sustain both fisheries and fish populations. But the increasingly popular agenda to establish Marine Reserves raises significant scientific questions that are largely unsolved.
- How should Marine Reserves be designed?
- How may Marine Reserves be monitored?
The workshop provided a platform for discussion of the design and monitoring criteria for different types of aquatic animals: fish, sharks, marine mammals, invertebrates. Seabirds and marine reptiles were important taxonomic groups not covered at the meeting.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION TO THE ISSUES | 1 |
SUMMARY OF THE WORKSHOP | 2 |
ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS AND DISCUSSION | |
Keynote Papers | |
Design principles for systems of 'no-take' Marine Reserves (W.J. Ballantine) | 4 |
The critical need for marine reserves in fishery management (Jim Bohnsack) | 5 |
Why do fisheries collapse? How can protected marine reserves help? (Colin Clark & Gordon Munro) | 5 |
Fisheries workers ecological knowledge and the design, monitoring and acceptance of marine reserves (Barbara Neis) | 6 |
Marine protected areas as tools for marine ecosystem rehabilitation (Daniel Pauly & Villy Christensen) | 7 |
fishing effects on target species and the design of reserves for recovery (Nicolas Polunin) | 8 |
Goal oriented design and implementation of marine reserves (Richard M. Starr) | 9 |
Implementing marine reserves with subsistence communities (Amanda C.J. Vincent) | 9 |
Contributed Papers | |
Critical habitat assemblages for the design of marine fishery reserves (Richard s. Appeldoorn) | 11 |
Delineating and monitoring habitat management units for a temperate deep-water marine protected area a case study from Stellwagen bank national marine sanctuary (Peter J. Auster) | 11 |
Why involve commercial fishers in the design and monitoring of marine reserves? (James Austin & Grant Dovey) | 12 |
Metapopulation theory and the design of marine protected areas for fishery management (Laura Rogers-Bennett) | 12 |
Are no-take MPAs an alternative for shark fisheries management? (Ramon Bonfil) | 13 |
Parks Canada's new national marine conservation areas legislation (Doug Burles) | 14 |
Monitoring marine reserves with radio-acoustic positioning and telemetry (rapt) systems (Ron O'Dor) | 14 |
The role of the Belize government in marine park designation : a case study of collaborative management (Vincent Gillette) | 15 |
An age-structured model demonstrating the benefits of marine reserves against overexploitation (Sylvie Guenette & Tony Pitcher) | 16 |
Diver trail systems (Bruce Higgins) | 16 |
Marine protected areas in temperate waters: conservation of biotic physical structure versus habitat and its production potential. (Glen Jamieson & Colin D. Levings) | 17 |
Design and management of marine reserves on tropical reefs: conserving habitats and non target fishes (Simon Jennings & Ivor Williams) | 18 |
Why involve First Nations in marine reserve design in British Columbia? (R. Russ Jones) | 18 |
COFRIi's interest in marine protected areas (Paul H. LeBlond) | 19 |
A marine protected areas strategy for the pacific coast of Canada: policy overview and update (Kaaren Lewis) | 20 |
The Florida Keys national marine sanctuary and primate behaviour (Nina Mollet) | 20 |
Lessons for reserve design from models of adult and larval transport (Joshua Sladek Nowlis) | 21 |
Reproductive reserves and zoning of uses as the only viable framework to prevent overfishing and protect wildlife in the San Jos� Gulf marine park (Argentine Patagonia) (Lobo Orensanz, Ana Parma & N�stor F. Ciocco) | 21 |
The response of rocky reef fishes to marine protected areas in Puget sound (Wayne A. Palsson) | 22 |
Legal aspects of marine reserves (Richard Paisley) | 23 |
Corridors as a tool in reserve design (Fiona Schmeigelow) | 23 |
Marine reserves for marine mammals (Andrew Trites) | 24 |
The role of marine reserves in the management of non-migratory species in coastal British Columbia (Scott Wallace) | 24 |
Adaptive policies for evaluation of marine reserves (Carl Walters) | 25 |
Alteration of behaviour of an exploited reef fish (Pagrus auratus: Sparidae) due to marine reserve protection (Trevor Willis) | 25 |
The identification of candidate sites for marine reserves using a marine ecological classification: a Pacific coast of Canada case study (Mark Zacharias & Don E. Howes) | 26 |
GENERAL DISCUSSION ARISING FROM THE PAPERS | 28 |
PROCEEDINGS OF WORKING GROUPS | |
Working group A: Marine protected areas in British Columbia | 31 |
Working group B: Models and design | 32 |
Working group C: Social and economic considerations of MPAs | 33 |
Working group D: Design, monitoring and enforcement of MPAs | 34 |
Discussion of reports from working groups | 36 |
WORKSHOP WRAP-UP STATEMENTS FROM THE KEYNOTE SPEAKERS | 38 |
ADDRESSES OF PARTICIPANTS | 40 |
WORKSHOP PROGRAMME | 45 |
